对于我这种在东北读了本科，加拿大呆了三年（从此觉得-20℃是人体最适温度），洛矶山脉脚下呆了半年（我们有世界闻名的滑雪场(们）和The greatest snow on earth)的人来说，德州给人的第一印象就是热，贼热，非常热，简直要化了，不想在室外多呆一秒的那种热。不过据说我来的这几天其实还不算热（有个白人老太跟我讲“现在这个天气跟热一点都沾不上边")，很多时候天上都飘着云彩，也不算晒，可以说是十分幸运了。人可能不会喜欢这么热的天气，但是作物和植被可开心坏了。我在德州吃到了心心念甜甜的大西瓜，同样又大又甜的车厘子，在Austin高架桥上开车两边是茫茫的树海，瞄一眼GPS发现居然是在市里面。
议会大厦顶端是德州的女神像，女神手里拿的是德州的象征――lone star。据说这个女神像比美国首都DC那个女神像还高了一头。我好奇地问讲解员联邦政府觉得你们搞这个东西比联邦的那个还高真的OK吗?那小姑娘朗声说道"We don’t care"然后小声跟我讲“Although l shouldn’t say this……“E德州的这种反叛的精神根植于德州人民的血液中。其实了解一下德州的历史大概不难察觉一二。如果要了解德州的历史，座落在UT Austin旁边的Texas State Museum是一个不错的去处。
我在这里参观的时候遇到了一位白人老太太，老太太非常自豪地对我这个明显的外国人说“We’re the only state who wants to become a nation.”
Alamo战役的一声炮响揭开了德州独立运动的篇章。事情的根本原因是墨西哥政府觉得德州人民越来越不听话，盎格鲁人越来越多，北边还有虎视眈眈的美国，怕这瓢肥水会流入外人田，于是决定给他们一点人生的经验。事情的导火索是墨政府想要收回驻扎在德州的一挺重炮，然而德州人民表示借出去的炮就是泼出去的水，Libertyor death,打，奉陪到底,谈，谈你妈b。独立战争只打了7个月就让墨政府疲于奔命，不得不承认现在的德州已经不是他们能控制得了的了,于是德州人民建立了自己的国家，名为Republic of Texas。不过德州人民的危机意识非常强，虽然建立了自己的国家，但是北边是想要继续扩张的美国(美国人一直觉得作为天选之国，自己的国境线应该从美洲大陆的西海岸一直延伸到东海岸。你说北边?加拿大那块能把人J冻掉的地方是给地球人住的?美洲大陆保皇党们觉得美国人都是傻屌,这地方怎么就不好了，于是这些人成了后来的Canadian) ,南边是失去颜面哪里甘心的墨西哥（毕竟西班牙也曾是帝国，西裔们哪里受得了这种委屈)，要在两个大国的夹缝中间生存何谈容易。当时的美国国内针对是否接纳德州加入联邦也有两派势力，不过最后经过（此处省略一万字，因为那段历史我没看)以后，德州人民经过还是公投加入了联邦，成为了美利坚合众国的一部分。现在的德州早已不是当年那个德州，名企林立经济繁荣人民安居乐业，几乎成为了美国的榜样。由于德州加入联邦是投票决定的，德州人民有一种当年加入联邦是迫不得已，现在特别想独立出来的情结。现在打开谷歌,搜索Republic of Texas，你会找到一个“德克萨斯共和国政府”的“官方网站"。我琢磨了好久发现这并不是一个愚人节玩笑因为我在参观德州议会的时候发现他们的档案馆是这样的
下面那行字是"The Republic of Texas"提醒人们我们曾经是一个国家，一切权利属于人民。如果联邦把我们惹毛了，我们就嘿嘿嘿。
虽然我还没有踏上美国的国土，但是在加拿大的三年加拿大人黑美国人的梗听了特别多；总结一下无外乎美国人粗鲁和自以为是，自从Trump上台以后又多了一个黑点。不知道是否是出于政治正确的原因，我认识的几乎所有加拿大人都觉得Trump不可理喻，只有一位小哥指出Trump是美国总统，所以一切从美国利益出发是可以理解的；几乎所有加拿大人在知道我要去美国以后都会冒出一句“States, why states?! you are gonna live with Trump, that guy, you know?!”。加拿大人对于美国人有一种天生的傲慢，言谈举止透露出一种“你才是美国人，你们全家都是美国人”的感觉。当然这与加拿大的历史是分不开的：当初的说着英语法语各种语的保皇党们为了不被美国“解放”（美国人民觉得除了美国以外世界所有人民都生活在水深火热之中，南北统一以后发现北边居然还有在邪恶的英国统治下的穷苦劳动人民，必须把他们解放出来），联合起来抗击美国的侵略，结果是加拿大人（实际上主要是英军）抓住一波timing极限反杀，火烧白宫，迫使美国重新坐在了谈判桌前，这也是加拿大国家认同感的开始——始于“只要你不想当美国人，你就是加拿大人”。但是现在的加拿大人颇有一种没落贵族的感觉，守着自己引以为豪的全民免费医疗、公立教育和极小的贫富差距，欣赏（看戏）Trump带领下美国的的跌宕起伏，但是又透露出贵族没落的不甘：曾经有一个加拿大人很诚实地告诉我说为什么提到加拿大大家只知道Justin Bieber呢，因为我们也没办法呀好莱坞产业太大了在加拿大拍电影根本不赚钱。
早上懒得做饭又因为是工作日所以跳过早饭一觉睡到中午直接吃brunch并不是一个选项，这个时候我会路过Tims，跟柜台大妈说"English sausage hash brown and a regular steeped tea"。Steeped tea是Tims里面对于不想喝咖啡，不想喝热巧克力，又不想喝茶包的人来说为数不多的选择之一了。Hash brown就是土豆饼。
题外话，我觉得适应Canadian English大概是这些年我写作遇到的最大的问题了。Canadian English实则是一种发音接近美音拼写接近英式拼写，但是很多用词又和英国不一样的语言，以至于傲慢的英国佬提到英国人移民加拿大居然需要考雅思的时候说“Those Canadians they don’t even know how to speak English, and they want to test our English?!”
latex assumes each period not following an upper case letter ends a sentence. In traditional typesetting, an extra little space is appended. Sometimes we don’t want this, so:
In order to produce
Carrots are good for your eyes, since they contain Vitamin A. Have you ever seen a rabbit wearing glasses?, the correct input should be Carrots are good for your eyes, since they contain Vitamin A\@. Have you ever seen a rabbit wearing glasses?.
To produce
The numbers 1, 2, 3, etc. are called natural numbers. According to Kronecker, they were made by God; all else being the work of Man., the correct input should be The numbers 1, 2, 3, etc.\ are called natural numbers. According to Kronecker, they were made by God;all else being the works of Man..
Compound nouns are not hyphenated, but compound adjectives are; e.g., Lie group as opposed to Lie-group method. Compound adjectives that use adverbs are not hyphenated; e.g., “diagonally implicit method” is correct;
-- (em-dash): used between two people, e.g., Runge–Kutta;
--- (en-dash): connects things that are related to each other by distance, as in the May–September issue of a magazine.
.toc: table of contents, *.lot list of tables, *.lof list of figures
Edit the .toc , lof , lot files and use a \nofiles command to suppress the writing of new versions of the files
is the last resort for you to fine-tune TOC
Use \addtocontents{ file }{ text } or\addcontentsline{ file }{ type }{ text } to add sections marked with * (will be omitted by default) (Actually \addcontentsline is invoked by \section or caption)
Quotation \begin{quote} \end{quote} or (for multiple paragraphs) \begin{quotation} \end{quotation}
verse environment to quote poem. Use \\* to put it within a page. Use \\[n pt] to specify line space
{\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\triangleright$} (for example, \labelitemi, \labelitemiv, etc.) to replace default itemize bullets. Use {} to enclose \renewcommand and anything else for local effect only
Package enumerate for customized enumerate bullets and other formatting styles
\renewcommand{\descriptionlabel}[1]{\hspace{1cm}\textsf{#1}} example to customize description
\tag{} for customized equation label; \notag to suppress
pmatrix is enclosed in parentheses, bmatrix is in square brackets, Bmatrix is in braces, and vmatrix is for determinant
\dotsc for dots to be used with commas, \dotsb for dots with binary operations (or relations), and \dotsm for multiplication dots. There is also a \dotsi for dots with integrals
smallmatrix env for inline matrices (use \left \right for appropriate alignment for brackets)
\bigl, \bigr; \biggl, \biggr; \Biggl, \Biggr to control bracket sizes (if you find using \left \right produces too large brackets)
\tfrac a “tiny” version of \frac, \genfrac for a customized frac. Note, binomial coefficients \binom is a special case of \genfrac
\verset for putting symbols overhead. e.g. $\overset{\circ}{a}$
\displaystyle changes inline expressions to displayed style (as in env).
\substack for multi-line subscripts.
Refer to “Log-like symbols” for math notations that should be typed in Roman (other than usual italic)
\DeclareMathOperator*{\new_operator}{statement}
“The TEX Book”: more on typing math
\newtheorem{user_difined}{displayed_test}[numbering_style], for userdefined` env
A box is an object that is treated by TEX as a single character. A box cannot be split and broken across lines or pages.
3 types of boxes:
LR: (left-right) The content of this box are typeset from left to right.
Par: (paragraphs) This kind of box can contain several lines, which will be typeset in paragraph mode just like normal text. Paragraphs are put one on top of the other. Their widths are controlled by a user specified value.
Rule: A thin or thick line that is often used to separate various logical elements on the output page, such as between table rows and columns and between running titles and the main text.
LR boxes:
\mbox{ text } % without frame
\makebox{ width }{ pos }{ text } % without frame
\fbox{ text } % with frame
\framebox{ width }{ pos }{ text } % with frame
% pos arguments: l for left, r for right, c for center, s for stretch (in-text spaces)
\fboxrule, \fboxsep, and\raisebox for determining frame style, box positions(or rotations)
Par boxes:
Use either \parbox or minipage env (minipage is a page itself, i.e., it has footnotes, contains tabular, etc.)
\parbox{ pos }{ height }{ inner pos }{ width }{ text } or \begin{minipage}{ pos }{ height }{ inner pos }{ width }, with t,b,c,s for top, bottom, center, stretch
A rule box is basically a filled-in black rectangle.
It is also possible to have a rule box of zero width. This creates an invisible line with the given height. Such a construction is called a strut and is used to force a horizontal box to have a desired height or depth that is different from that of its contents.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics{figure.eps}
\caption{This is an inserted EPS graphic}
% use \caption[lof]{description} to produce concise description in list of figures
\label{fig1}
\end{figure}
Figures are not allowed in boxes (\parbox or minipage)
Positional arguments: h for here, t for top, b for bottom and p for page containing only floats (default [tbp])
\clearpage : This command places unprocessed floats and starts a new page.
\FloatBarrier: This command causes all unprocessed floats to be processed. This is provided by the placeins package. It does not start a new page, unlike \clearpage .
To place figures within a section: \usepackage[section]{placeins}, a less-restrictive one: \usepackage[below]{placeins}
The afterpage package provides the \afterpage command which executes a command at the next naturally-ocurring page break. (\afterpage{\clearpage} causes all unprocessed floats to be cleared at the next page break.)
Use float placement counters to control number of floats per page: \setcounter{totalnumber/topnumber/bottomnumber}{n}
Adjust float coverage per page using \textfraction etc.
The text in this column is set into lines of width wd and the top line is aligned with the other columns. In fact, the text is set in a parbox with the command \parbox[ t ]{ wd }{ column text } .
* { num }{ cols }
The column format contained in cols is reproduced num times, so that *{3}{|c|}| is the same as |c|c|c| .
Use ~ in your cross reference to avoid breaking lines
In floats, \label command should be given after the \caption command or in its argument
\pageref{ key } refer to page number
Package varioref (\vref{key}) produces “full” reference (position, page number, etc.) using some rules. (produce ref and/or \pageref depending on the current page)
Use package xr for external reference: \usepackage{xr} \externaldocument{ other.tex }
Use tabularx, longtable or wrap tabular in minipage if you want to use footnote inside a tabular. Another package called threeparttable is also helpful.
\setcounter{footnote}{0} for resetting footnote counter (or use \@addtoreset{footnote}{section} in \makeatletter or \makeatother preamble)
\marginpar for marginal notes. A better version (macro): \newcommand{\marginlabel}[1] {\mbox{}\marginpar{\raggedleft\hspace{0pt}#1}}
Create query for margin notes: \def\query#1#2{\underline{#1}\marginpar{#2}}
无非是要你多给点小费，在德州很多餐厅跟食堂一样，是没有服务员的);肉，你要吃肉我们就只给你肉，绝不会用菜把盘子装饰一下。这种grill店基本是人手一瓶啤酒，德州人民对酒的狂热是显而易见的，导致了模样“大概"是成年人的话买酒基本没有人会查你的身份证（对比一下犹他州，不带身份证连酒铺都进不去)。当然，酒驾是不对的，开车还是要注意安全_(.-.)-
